Effects of anode evaporation process on the anode sheath characteristics in vacuum arc plasma

The anode sheath of vacuum arc plasma plays a key role in the generation of anode plasma, but the effects of anode evaporation on the anode sheath remains unclear. In this paper, a theoretical model of a collisional sheath for multi-component plasma coupled with anode evaporation is developed, and the spatial evolution of the anode sheath at different anode surface temperatures is investigated. The results indicate that the distribution of charged particles density and potential in the anode sheath monotonically decreases in the absence or reduction of anode evaporation. When the anode surface temperature exceeds 1900 K, a potential hump appears within the sheath. This is due to enhanced anode evaporation increasing the metal vapor density, which intensifies electron impact ionization and charge exchange collisions, resulting in a higher net space charge density. Finally, the effects of various collision reactions and electron temperatures on the potential hump are analyzed. These findings are meaningful for understanding the anode plasma generation mechanism and regulating the anode plasma parameters. Supplementary material for this article is available online Keywords: vacuum arc plasma, anode evaporation, anode sheath, potential hump 1. Introduction The anode vacuum arc ion sources [1, 2] can eliminate the impact of microparticles in plasma, and are widely used in advanced technologies such as ion accelerators and plasma thrusters [3–6]. The anode sheath plays a crucial r

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Comparison of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Doses of Anticoagulation for Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease The TASC Double-Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Rationale: Patients with sickle cell disease hospitalized for acute chest syndrome (ACS) are at high risk of in situ pulmonary microthrombosis. Objectives : We evaluated whether therapeutic anticoagulation could shorten ACS duration. Methods: TASC (Therapeutic Anticoagulation for Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease) is a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial conducted in 12 French hospitals (December 2016–April 2021) in adult patients with ACS with no initial thrombosis on chest computed tomography with pulmonary angiogram. We randomized 172 patients (1:1) to receive either prophylactic or therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight tinzaparin for 7 days. The primary efficacy outcome was time to ACS resolution. The primary safety outcome was major blee ding. Main secondary outcomes included parenteral opioid consumption, transfusion, mortality at hospital discharge, and hospital readmissions at 6 months. Measurements and Main Results: The primary efficacy outcome, time to ACS resolution, analyzed using a Cox model, was shorter with therapeutic anticoagulation than with prophylactic doses (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.99; P = 0.044). As a supplemental estimate, the restricted mean time to ACS resolution (over a 15-d horizon or discharge) was shorter with therapeutic doses (4.86 0.4 vs. 6.1 6 0.5 d). The primary safety outcome (major bleeding) did not occur in either group. The cumulative dose of parenteral opioids was lower with therapeutic

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Exploring service employees ’ involvement in value co-creation: dimensions, antecedents and consequences

Purpose – Although customer co-creation has received a significant amount of attention in both practice and academics, most of the previous studies have been conducted from the customer perspective while how service employees are involved in the customer value co-creation process has been rarely examined. To fill in this gap, the purpose of this paper is to develop a scale of employee involvement in customer value co-creation, and test a theoretical model that investigates the antecedents and consequences of employee involvement in customer value co-creation. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a comprehensive literature review and 12 in-depth interviews with service employees, a scale of employee involvement in customer value co-creation was developed in Study 1. The items were purified, and the construct validity and reliability were evaluated via a survey (n = 178). In Study 2, the newly developed scale was cross-validated in a new service context and a conceptual model was tested by estimating a structural equation model with survey data collected from service employees (n = 225). Findings – The newly developed scale of employee involvement in customer value co-creation has demonstrated sufficient construct validity and reliability across different service contexts. Moreover, the results show that both customer orientation and perceived organizational support are positively associated with employee involvement in customer value co-creation, which, in turn, influences employees’ job satisfaction and job stress. In addition, firm cross-functional cooperation strengthens the relationships between perceived organizational support and employee involvement in customer value co-creation. Research limitations/implications – Future research from other service contexts and countries is needed to confirm the generalizability of the new scale and the findings. Practical implications – The findings of the study will provide implications to service managers regarding where to focus their organizational resources and how to facilitate employee involvement in customer value co-creation. Originality/value – This study takes an initial step to develop a scale of employee involvement in customer value co-creation and test the antecedents and consequences of employee involvement in customer value co-creation.

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Artificial intelligence in action: shaping the future of public sector

Purpose – Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors, including automotive, finance, media, travel and retail by leveraging new-age technologies. Education, banking, health care, social policy and regulation, within the public sector have witnessed significant AI applications and substantial benefits. The importance of AI in the public sector includes enhanced efficiency, improved decision-making, cost savings, citizen-centric services, etc. Despite these advancements, a mindful discussion on the societal impact of AI in the public sector demands comprehension regarding its subjugation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of AI in transforming the public sector using a bibliometric analysis of recent trends and challenges. Design/methodology/approach – This study has used bibliometric analysis to trace the intellectual patterns of previous research. It comprises 231 articles from 2000 to 2024 from Scopus through the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews protocol. This protocol has adopted a three-step process for identifying articles, i.e. assembling, arranging and assessing. Findings – The publication trend shows an upward trajectory since 2017, whereas network visualization protrudes with the recent trends and thematic expressions, namely, Global AI ethics and policy challenges in public sectors, AI adoption and governance in public sector, challenges and opportunities of implementing AI in public administration and AI’s role in economic and public transformation. Research limitations/implications – The findings suggest AI adoption in the public sector enhances transparency and efficiency but demands ethical guidelines, legal frameworks and stakeholder governance to address challenges such as data pr ivacy, algorithmic bias and public trust. Policies should promote responsible AI use, balancing innovation with accountability to improve public service delivery and uphold democratic values. Originality/value – This paper enhances the limited literature on the integration of AI in the public sector, focusing on emerging themes and trending topics with future research directions to furnish a holistic perspective. It aims to guide researchers and policymakers in exploring areas for further investigation in this domain.

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in the workplace: influence

Purpose – Technology-mediated learning (TML) is gaining popularity among business organizations for upskilling their employees. However, high dropout rates have limited its effectiveness. Thus, we explore, if and how personalization of TML can improve its adoption and effectiveness in workplaces from the lens of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) theory. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory sequential mixed-method design was used for this study. Study 1 included interviews (N 5 27) of Learning and Development (L&D) leaders and employees (learners) of large global organizations, about their experiences with TML. Emergent themes led us to our research model, which integrates constructs of personalization, technology adoption and transfer of training (TT). In Study 2, a cross-sectional study w as conducted. Data were collected from employees who have experienced TML (N 5 406) and analyzed using PLS-SEM. Findings – Findings suggested that personalization of TML positively influenced intent to use TML and transfer skills, thereby improving TML effectiveness and proving its relevance in workplaces. Precisely, personalized TML recommendations from managers impacted (1) behavioral intention (BI) and TT directly; (2) BI through performance expectancy (PE); (3) TT through social influence and BI individually; and (4) TT through PE and BI sequentially. Likewise, allowing employees the flexibility to choose TML based on their interests influenced (1) BI directly and via hedonic motivation (HM) and (2) TT via HM and BI individually and sequentially. Practical implications – Using our model, L&D practitioners may design and personalize their TML ecosystems to foster adoption and transfer of training in workplaces. Originality/value – Personalization of learning in workplac es has received scant attention; thereby, our study expands existing knowledge in this relatively nascent field of research.

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Exploring attitudes towards disability employment in the Indian hotel industry: a qualitative inquiry

Purpose – This study investigates the attitudes and perceptions toward employing persons with disabilities (PWDs) in the Indian hotel industry, focusing on perspectives of senior management and frontline staff. It will also provide insights that could lead to policy changes and inclusive practices in the hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach – Through qualitative methods, including 19 semi-structured in-depth interviews with hotel employees across Delhi NCR, Goa and Bengaluru, this research uncovered the complex and varied views on integrating PWDs into the hospitality workforce. Findings – Our investigation revealed a variety of perceptions after organising them into 18 sub-themes distributed across seven main themes. Results indicated that whil e senior managers often viewed PWD inclusion positively, citing benefits like enhanced loyalty and corporate social responsibility contributions, frontline staff expressed concerns about operational and service quality challenges. The findings also highlight the need for comprehensive training and support systems to integrate PWDs successfully. Originality/value – This research contributes new insights into the dynamics of disability employment within a high-interaction service sector, advocating for policy changes and inclusive practices. It suggests practical measures for promoting inclusivity and diversity in hotel operations, marking a significant step forward in understanding and advancing workplace inclusivity in developing economies.

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Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of reformer furnace tube after 12 years’ service

The entire reformer furnace tube is analyzed and studied through OM, SEM and mechanical property test in this work. The microstructure of centrifugal casting tube and weld joint has deteriorated, with the primary carbides coarsened and growth. The primary carbides at the dendrite boundary have grown from lamellar and skeleton shape to continuous network and chain shape, and the primary carbides M7C3 and Nb(Ti)C transformed into M23C6 and G phase. The high temperature creep strength of reformer furnace tube decreased obviously. Through the investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of different zones in the entire reformer furnace tube, the weakest part of the reformer furnace tube is located in the middle and lower zone, and its remnant life h as been predicted. On the basis of the design temperature and pressure, the remnant life of this reformer furnace tube is 38000 hours. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 2 March 2025 Accepted 19 June 2025 KEYWORDS HPNbM alloy; reformer furnace tube; remnant life; carbide; creep strength Introduction With the rapid development of the petrochemical industry, factors such as the reduction in raw material quality and increasing demands for product purity have driven continual improvements in production technology [1,2]. Consequently, the service environ­ ment of production equipment is evolving towards extreme working conditions, such as high temperature and high pressure [3]. In petrochemical industry, the r

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